What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?

The dermatitis seborrheic is an inflammatory disease of the skin that affects in particular, but not only, the face and scalp .

This condition is supported by inflammation caused by too rapid multiplication of skin cells and by high activity of the sebaceous glands.

The symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis are variable, but itching , burning, redness of the skin, scales and / or dandruff occur frequently . The disorder occurs mainly at the hairline, in the retro-auricular area, in the nasolabial furrows, on the eyebrows, in the upper part of the trunk and in the genital area).

How common is Seborrheic Dermatitis?

Seborrheic dermatitis is a fairly common condition. The disorder is most common in males between the ages of 30 and 40.

Seborrheic dermatitis can temporarily affect newborns.

What are the causes of Seborrheic Dermatitis?

The causes of seborrheic dermatitis are still partly to be clarified, but it seems to be due to a series of environmental, genetic, endocrine and dietary factors.

The quantity of sebum and the yeasts of the genus Malassezia (normally present on the skin as saprophytic flora ) seem to play a certain importance in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis. The immune response to the latter causes, in particular, skin irritation: the cells, following the accelerated flaking to which they are subjected, produce greasy and yellow scales, which appear in the form of crusts.

The scalp is the preferred medium for yeast, since the altered sebum is suitable for its proliferation: the sebaceous glands present are hyperactive, consequently the composition of their secretion is altered (hence the adjective seborrheic).

Seborrheic Dermatitis of the Scalp

The scalp is an area commonly affected by seborrheic dermatitis. The inflammation extends beyond the scalp area and becomes evident in flaky skin.

Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease in countries. It usually begins during puberty, at the same time as hormonal changes, and can persist into late adulthood. Around 80 to 90% of young people are affected to some degree by impurities, and between 20 to 30% of these people will seek medical support. The number of adults, especially women, who experience acne later in life is also increasing.

What is acne?

In acne the skin is oily and open and closed (black head and white head) appear on the face and often on the neck, shoulders, chest and back as well. In moderate and severe acne, the skin becomes red and inflamed papules and pustules appear. Acne can be emotionally distressing, untimely persistent, and can lead to long-term post- inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and / or scar retraction.

Main causes and triggers of acne

Hormones are thought to play a role in making acne more common in teens (although acne can affect people of all ages). The increase in androgens in both boys and girls at puberty causes the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum than is needed by the skin.

Apart from the amount of circulating hormones, the increased sensitivity of the sebaceous glands is also important for the development of acne.

Most cases of acne disappear spontaneously after puberty. However, effective treatment is necessary to prevent the formation of persistent scars.

Since the sebaceous glands are especially sensitive to hormones, adult acne can appear in women with hormone-related processes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. Psychological stress can also be a trigger for adult female acne.

Bacteria In people with acne-prone skin, excess sebum production creates an ideal environment in which normally harmless acne bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes) can multiply. This triggers inflammation and the formation of red or pus-filled spots.

Contrary to what certain myths would have you believe, this is not because people with acne are unhygienic. On the contrary, excessive cleaning with harsh cleansers is actually more likely to irritate the skin.

The existence of genes that affect people’s risk of acne is also considered. Thus, if both parents suffer from acne, there is a greater chance that their child will also have this process.

Similarly, if one or both parents have adult acne, their offspring carry a greater chance of getting adult acne as well.

Medication.

Certain medications, such as steroids and lithium, are known to trigger acne in some people.

Main contributing factors of acne

While they are not a cause of acne, some elements are known to aggravate symptoms:

• Diet too rich in certain carbohydrates (large amounts of sugar and white flour)
• Excessive consumption of cow’s milk and dairy products (except cheese)
• Smoking cigarettes
• Makeup that clogs the pores
• Comedogenic skin care products

What medical treatments are available?

Effective medications that can be used to treat acne include the following:

• Topical retinoids
• Benzoyl peroxide
• Topical antimicrobials
• Azelaic acid
• Oral antibiotics
• Oral contraceptives

These medications are used alone or in combination, and the dermatologist will prescribe the appropriate medication based on the severity of the symptoms.

The medical treatment of acne follows a strict international standard to ensure that dermatologists and physicians are consistent in their treatment. This science-based standard * provides practicing physicians with information on which treatments or combination of treatments to use, based on the severity of acne and individual symptoms. It offers alternatives to take into account different skin types, as well as options, if applicable, for female patients.

Since certain oral prescription acne medications should not be used during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, dermatologists and doctors may suggest alternatives.

It is worth noting that acne treatment, medicinal or non-medicinal, takes time to take effect.
Although the general rule of thumb is 4-8 weeks, it may take as long as three months; Also, symptoms may get worse before they get better. Since it is easy for patients to get discouraged and drop out, it is important to persevere and stick with the guidelines, even if there is no immediate change for the better.

If you notice soft or hard yellow patches on the inside corners of your eyelids, you might have xanthelasma. They’re made up of cholesterolthat’s under your skin. They aren’t harmful, but if you’re bothered by the way they look, there are treatments that can get rid of them.

Treatments

Your xanthelasma usually won’t go away on its own. The growths will either stay the same size or get bigger over time.
If you’re worried about your appearance, you may want to have these growths taken off. A dermatologist can remove xanthelasma with one of these methods:

• Dissolve the growth with medicine
• Freeze it off with intense cold (cryosurgery)
• Remove it with a laser
• Take it off with surgery
• Treat it with an electric needle (electrodessication)

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of melanin-producing cells (melanocytes) by immune cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes). It manifests itself with the presence of white spots on the skin: these are hypochromic / achromic patches due to the absence of the melanic pigment at the level of the affected skin areas.

Like all autoimmune diseases, vitiligo has an unpredictable course and its therapeutic management is very complex. Vitiligo patients suffer greatly from this condition in which aesthetic impairment can have harmful consequences on a psychological and social level.

The patient considers this pathology disfiguring, a reason for a reduction in their self-esteem and quality of life, especially when the most visible areas are affected, such as the face.

Vitiligo therapy aims to restore the original appearance of the skin, stabilizing the depigmentation process and promoting the repigmentation of the patches. Considering that melanocytes respond slowly to therapies, it is necessary to allow for a time of 6-12 months to obtain satisfactory results.

Local therapy for vitiligo

Local therapy of vitiligo makes use of the application of cortisone-based creams (topical corticosteroids) to the patches for 1-2 times a day for a variable period of 2-4 months or calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus).

Treatment with topical corticosteroids is only recommended in cases of localized vitiligo involving the

In children, it is recommended to use lower potency corticosteroids or to apply calcineurin inhibitors, particularly in more sensitive areas where the use of corticosteroids is contraindicated.

Encouraging results were also obtained with the excimer laser, capable of emitting a monochromatic light similar to the UVB used in phototherapy with the difference of greater selectivity for the patches of vitiligo. It is therefore particularly indicated in patients with localized forms, also in association with local topical therapy.

UV phototherapy and heliotherapy for the treatment of vitiligo

In the presence of a more widespread form of vitiligo, the treatment of first choice is phototherapy with narrow band UV, a therapy that makes use of the use of lamps through which the beneficial effects of UV rays on stimulation are exploited . of melanocytes to favor the repigmentation of the patches.

Micro-phototherapy is based on exposure to UV light only in the affected areas, with a reduction in the total exposure dose and the advantage of not increasing the color contrast between healthy skin and patches. It is only recommended if the affected area does not exceed 20% of the body surface. Phototherapy is often associated with topical therapy and the intake of supplements based on vitamins and a pool of antioxidants (alpha lipoic acid, Polypodium leucomotos extract, vitamin C, vitamin E) which favor the repigmentation process.

Warts is a skin infection caused by HPV viruses. It can affect at any age and any  part of the body. Since it is an infectious condition it can spread nearby and to other parts of the body.

On feet, it is painful while walking. It should be differentiated from corn. Because treatment modality differs for both corns and warts.

Corns occurs on pressure points of the feet and not due to infection. Hence the treatment for both conditions is different. It is very important to make a correct diagnosis before excising them (cutting them).

A skin specialist can differentiate between these two conditions.

Different treatment modalities available to treat warts are:

1. RFA /Electrocautery/ Lasers
2. Intralesional injections
3. Multiple dressings after paring of the lesion (usually helpful in multiple plantar warts)
4. Immunotherapy to increase body immunity
5. Autoinoculation
6. Cryotherapy / Liquid Nitrogen spray
7. Topical treatment
8. Oral medicines

Type of treatment is chosen depending upon age of the patient, number of lesions, site of lesions etc. We @ Zenith successfully treats many  patients who have recurrence of warts and patients who have treatment failures.

Do you ever look in the mirror and wish that your face had a more even skin tone? If you answered yes, you may want to consider microdermabrasion. This non-invasive treatments use a minimally abrasive instrument to gently sand your skin, removing the thicker, uneven outer layer.After a series of treatments, your complexion can appear smoother, brighter, and more even in colour.

This type of skin rejuvenation is used to treat light scarring, discoloration, sun damage, and stretch marks.

Microdermabrasion can:

• Improve age spots and black heads.
• Improve hyperpigmentation (patches of darkened skin).
• Exfoliate your skin, resulting in a refreshed appearance.
• Lessen the appearance of stretch marks.
• Reduce fine lines and wrinkles.
• Reduce or eliminate enlarged pores.
• Treat acne and the scars left by acne.

Microdermabrasion helps to thicken your collagen, which results in a younger looking complexion. Collagen is a protein in your skin that’s abundant when you’re a child and makes skin appear taut and smooth. Collagen production declines as we age, resulting in looser, uneven skin.

Imagine yourself with beautiful skin that’s free of scars. It’s not a dream; it’s a reality thanks to laser scar treatment that simplifies scar removal for many types of scars, including:

• Acne Scars
• Surgical Scars
• Accidental Scars

Covering your scars with makeup and clothing takes time and money. With laser treatment for scar removal, unwanted scars can be a thing of the past and you can look and feel your very best.

Unlike surgery, laser scar treatment uses short pulses of micro-fine laser light to reach deeply into the skin’s sub-layers, treating the support structure. Then the body’s natural healing process sweeps away older, damaged tissue and rebuilds it with fresh, new collagen and elastin- the crucial building blocks of normal-looking skin. It’s a fast and simple procedure that’s easy to tolerate and requires little to no downtime.In just a few fast, easy treatment sessions, scars are much less visible, leaving behind smoother, more attractive skin.

Fruit peel is a type of alpha hydroxypeel, or AHA. When applied topically, fruit peels have a rejuvenating effect on skin. They are found in various concentrations in a number of acne and anti-aging treatments, including both over-the-counter and professional-grade facial peels.

Fruit peel is a mild chemical exfoliant that works by penetrating and breaking apart the uppermost layer of skin. This facilitates the removal of dead and damaged surface cells and exposes the newer, healthier layer of skin underneath.

Fruit peels are naturally derived from a variety of sources. Those commonly used in facial peels include malic peel from apples and pears, citric peel from oranges and lemons, and tartaric peel from grapes. A fourth well-known AHA, glycolic peel is derived from sugarcane.

It is a skin procedure to enhance the beauty of the skin.

First of all, the skin is cleansed with a cleanser so that it removes all the dust, dirt and oil from the skin.  Then according to the type of skin, peel is applied for 5-20 minutes, depending upon the condition of the skin.

It is then neutralised with neutraliser. Then ice pack is applied. Finally, post-peel cream and suncreen are applied.

During  peel, there can be mild tingling sensation in a few patients. The whole procedure takes 20-30 minutes. After peel, face has to be protected  from sunlight by applying suncreen daily., carrying umbrella while going out in sunlight.

Peel percolates into the skin layers. It helps in removing dead skin, tanning, and pigmentation.

After peeling skin becomes lighter in complexion, radiant and glowing and also the texture of the skin becomes smoother. Usually, six sessions are done 2 weeks apart.

There are different types of peels which we use according to the condition of the skin like glycolic acid, salicylic acid, phenolic, kojic etc.

It is done for the age group >18 Years.